| Bookbinding by hand started thousands of years | | | | are held tightly. The spine is roughened and glue is |
| ago. Bookbinding is technique in which several | | | | applied. After the glue dries, it is applied one more |
| pages are stacked together to form one readable | | | | time and the paper cover is attached. |
| document. Before bookbinding was introduced the | | | | 4) Hardcover Binding: In this method a thick |
| people used to keep scrolls of document. This | | | | cardboard is used as cover. First the signatures |
| was hectic and difficult to maintain after certain | | | | are sewed and glue is applied. Two extra papers |
| length. So the pages were attached one below | | | | are attached on the top and bottom of this book. |
| the other by sewing. This started the bookbinding | | | | Glue is applied on the outermost pages and also |
| era. People from different parts of the world | | | | on the spine. Now the cover is attached and kept |
| bound books in different forms. Some are very | | | | underpressure to form a hardcover book. |
| easy and some are highly complicated. Let us see | | | | 5) Coptic Binding: Another method which is very |
| some of the hand bookbinding techniques that are | | | | old is coptic binding. In this method the spine of |
| common today. | | | | the book is exposed. Two covers are placed on |
| 1) Saddle Stitch: In this technique, all the papers | | | | the top and bottom and directly sewed. The spine |
| are placed one above the other and it is stapled | | | | will not be damaged even if you connect the two |
| or sewn through the center. | | | | covers back to back. |
| 2) Yotsume Toji: This is a Japanese bookbinding | | | | The above 5 techniques of bookbinding by hand |
| technique in which four holes are made near one | | | | are practised by hobbyists and self publishers. The |
| edge. Then it is sewn in a particular way to get a | | | | process for these bookbinding methods are simple |
| hand bound book. | | | | and easy to follow. You just need to practice for |
| 3) Perfect Binding: Many books published using | | | | sometime and then you'll become perfect with |
| machines are perfect bound. You can do this by | | | | hand bookbinding. |
| hand also. This is what you do.All the signatures | | | | |